Wednesday, October 30, 2019

The growth in internet use has affected cultures around the world, Essay

The growth in internet use has affected cultures around the world, leading to a westernised, homogenous culture - Essay Example This is so especially in the case of internet, which is a rapidly growing service almost available and accessible in all parts of the world. The internet, thus is known to have a major influence in people’s lives, their values, traditions as well as culture. This influence is steering the minds of the users into a westernised path of life. However, on the other hand, people are also seen to work towards the uplifting their own culture, as more and more languages are added to the internet in the present time, in order to increase the number of local users. Therefore, growth in the use of internet brings the whole world together into one large westernised homogenous culture while people also follow their own local cultures. Since the ancient times, the superior cultures have almost always had their influence on other cultures. This can be seen by taking the example of the British rule over India, Africa and such other countries or even when the Germans gained control over France . The dominating country always tried to imbibe their way of living as well as culture on the suppressed. This has both benefited the oppressed country as well as had negative influences too. But basically, taking the case of India, the country is in a much better position in terms of intellectuality and has been able to grasp modernity more because it was once under the rule to the British government, which was the driving force back in those days. Now with the advent in technology as well as with the creation of the mass communication computer network called ‘Internet,’ it is easier for the leading countries to promote their own culture. Now the difference here is that, in the olden times people were forced to accept the culture of the dominators, whereas now they have a choice, where they can choose whether to accept this culture or not. In the present world, globalisation aims at â€Å"interdependence† between different countries â€Å"rather than dominanceà ¢â‚¬  of developed nations over the developing or underdeveloped ones (Samovar et al. 2009, p.296). Internet is like an exchange forum, where people communicate and they come to understand the cultures of other people and also share their own cultures in this process of interaction. Internet is growing and now possessing its own culture, it is known by different terms such as â€Å"super-medium, meta-medium or a hybrid-medium† (Elm, n.d., p.85). It is this medium that enables the formation of various â€Å"virtual communities† throughout the world, resulting in a global coming together of people belonging to different nations (Hongladarom, n.d., p.2). Now the main people behind the development of such a medium are obviously the Westerners, who have always remained a superpower, and it becomes clear that the United States as well as UK has major â€Å"cultural and commercial influences† on countries all over the world (Chapter 4, p.49-http://wlxt.whut.edu.cn/new /wlyx/Resource/PaperAnswer/chap04im.pdf). As mentioned earlier, this paper aims to evaluate the influence of internet use in bringing together different cultures into a more homogenised one through the fields of business and language. Both these fields are interconnected and it is possible that when one aspect is taken into consideration, the other may be a prevalent affecting factor there. In order to know

Monday, October 28, 2019

Jose Rizal Essay Example for Free

Jose Rizal Essay As all Filipinos very well know Jose Rizal has written many books like Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo to expose the hardship Filipinos are experiencing during the Spanish Time without fearing for what would happen to his life because of this. He was even exiled in Dapitan because of his writing and during this time he did not stop helping and even taught the villagers there the importance of education and as a doctor cured those who are sick. His intentions were clear, the willingness to help is always there. I think this is the first step in showing the Fiipinos his intention of helping our fellow Filipinos to build a nation. Our Forefathers became aware of the abuses being done in our country because of what Rizal had written therefore awakening the Filipinos knowledge to build a nation not under the influence of any Foreign People but a nation which should be protected and loved by its citizen. The intentions also of the Foreign Leadership that was happening in our country that time were revealed by his writing. Abuses of the soldiers, Friars and other Spanish leaders were exposed to the people and analysing such would be comparing the corruption happening even during those days. Corruption has been a root cause on why a nation suffers. Jose Rizal during his last days made thru to his intention of his love for the Nation so that it could be strong. Sacrificing his life for the Nation who during that time is so afraid and awakening the Katipunan to stand strong against Foreign Colonialism is surely an indication that this is the start of a strong Nation not afraid to face aggression and to love this country which should be governed by its people and showing his undying love by sacrificing himself just to spark its country man, therefore it is my opinion that Rizal is the spark to build a strong nation here in our Country.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Essay --

Sandra Anderson DSOC 3010: Theories of Society and Development December 13th, 2013 defines explains argues recognizes details illustrates notes asserts shows suggests affirms 1. Do processes of globalization pose a challenge to classical theories of modernity? If so, how? And what is the significance of the distinction between ‘Globalization Theory’ and a ‘Theory of Globalization’? â€Æ' 2. Discuss the notion of postmodernity as developed by Jean Franà §ois Lyotard, and the counter-critiques of it by Jà ¼rgen Habermas and Anthony Giddens. Jean Franà §ois Lyotard’s concept of the â€Å"postmodern condition† is concerned with the status of knowledge in society (Hall, 1996, p. 640). The central characteristic component of the Enlightenment approach, according to Lyotard, is its concern with scientific legitimacy, particularly the â€Å"objective and impartial knowledge of the world† rather than the prevailing â€Å"narratives† or stories that individuals create to give their lives significance (Hall, 1996, p. 640). Narratives, as per the Enlightenment approach, taint real, scientific knowledge by offering existential or ideological comforts through â€Å"their essentially local, social, and personal contexts† (Hall, 1996, p. 640). In fact, Lyotard believes that the Enlightenment idea of â€Å"pure† knowledge is a formidable myth, specifically the concept that scientific knowledge is never tainted with narrative stories, since much of the objective knowledge derived from science is vindicated by mentions of metanarratives, or what Lyotard refers to as â€Å" higher-level storylines† (Hall, 1996, p. 640). Scientific progress, combined with economic growth in society, is hardly ever viewed objectively, especially since the former is thought to necessitate the latte... ...istribution-recognition dilemma through â€Å"socialism in the economy plus deconstruction in the culture† (Fraser, 1995, p. 91). Fraser compares socialism in the economy with transformative redistribution politics, where the fundamental political-economic organization of society is reformed primarily through the relations of production and through the social allocation of labor thus improving the living circumstances everyone in society (Fraser, 1995, p. 83). Fraser also likens deconstruction in the culture to transformative recognition politics, where prevailing collective identities and disparities would be destabilized, in turn restoring the self-esteem and confidence of members of disparaged groups (Fraser, 1995, p. 83). Once we embarks on these revolutionizing policies, Frye argues, can society â€Å"meet the requirements of justice for all† (Fraser, 1995, p. 93) â€Æ'

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Business Ethics and Rules Essay

Personally, I agree that Solomon’s ethical fundamentals are a good moral foundation for a business. â€Å"Business ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong (or good and bad) human conduct in a business context. † (p25) From the lecture, we know that ethics matters because â€Å"how organizations behave have important implications for how they fulfill their social and economic roles† and â€Å"their success as well as the success of their employees, customers, etc. † Thus, running a business ethically is good for business. Applying Solomon’s three C’s of business ethics and the eight rules of thinking ethics in business make good sense. The three C’s of business ethics include compliance, contributions and consequences. The first C is â€Å"the need for compliance with the rules, including the laws of the land†¦and such general concerns as fairness. †(p36) As a saying goes, â€Å"Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. † Rules in business are intended to assert business structure or to control or influence the behavior of the business. Let’s take EU-Rent for example. EU-Rent is a car rental company owned by EU-Corporation. EU-Rent sets up rules about rentals, returns, servicing and customers. For example, â€Å"EU-Rent keeps records of customers, their rentals, and bad experiences. This information is used to decide whether to approve a rental. † If EU-Rent doesn’t comply with these rules, it may not organize well. The second C is â€Å"the contributions business can make to society, through the values and quality of one’s products or services†¦and usefulness of one’s activities to the surrounding community. † (p36) For instance, economists conventionally assume that organization’s primary goal is to maximize profits. Many successful organizations are gradually aware of the important relationship between profits and contributions to society. Starbucks has seen its profits rise as it has increased its investment in social issues. Those organizations who are making profits and don’t contribute to society may receive criticism from the public. As the article â€Å"The Sichuan Earthquake and the Changing Landscape of CSR in China†, which was written by Ariel McGinnis, James Pellegrin, Yin Shum, Jason Teo, and Judy Wu (University of Pennsylvania), mentioned, â€Å" In the days and weeks following the Sichuan earthquake, many multinational corporations(MNCs) pursued a global CSR (corporate social responsibility) policy in line with their international standard. While some multinationals pledged cash, many others pledged a combination of cash, equipment and services. Domestic firms, by all accounts, out-donated multinationals†¦The popular perception was that international firms’ relief contributions not only did not match those of local Chinese companies in terms of scale or timeliness, but also were not commensurate with their presence in the Chinese market. Chinese consumers quickly seized upon this disparity by openly attacking major MNCs, calling for a boycott of their products †¦ The Chinese public soon gave these affected MNCs the nickname of ‘international iron roosters. The term refers to a bird that never gives up a single feather, and its usage highlights the perceived stinginess of these international firms†¦Despite their additional donations,’ iron-rooster’ MNCs continued to face angry consumers throughout China, resulting in severe public backlash, including protests at several McDonaldà ¢â‚¬â„¢s and blockades at KFCs throughout Sichuan province and the rest of China. † From this example, we can see how important the contributions that organizations should make to the society are. The third C is â€Å"the consequence of business activity†¦including the reputation of one’s own company and industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p36) Why the consequences of business activity are so important? Let’s have a look at the following example. Once, Sanlu was one of the oldest and most popular brands of infant formula in China. It went into bankruptcy after the â€Å"Sanlu milk scandal†. Based on the media, â€Å"By November 2008 China reported an estimated 300,000 victims, six infants dying from kidney stones and other kidney damage, and a further 860 babies hospitalized. Since the Sanlu Group didn’t solve the problem and recall the products in time, it leaded to a horrible incident. Doubtlessly, what did organizations do may affect their development and even the well-being of the public. Organizations should not blindly pursue for profits only but also be responsive to society. To become successful, a business needs to be driven by strong ethical va lues. If a corporation fails to adopt ethical values and cannot be responsive to society, it will fail, just like the Sanlu Group. Besides the three C’s of business ethics, Solomon also stated the eight rules of thinking ethics in business, which are also good moral foundations for a business. The eight rules include â€Å"consider other people’s well-being, including the well-being of nonparticipants; think as a member of the business community and not as an isolated individual; obey, but do not depend solely on, the law; think of yourself—and your company—as part of society; obey moral rules; think objectively; ask the question ‘What sort of person would do such a thing? and respect the customs of others, but not at the expense of your own ethics. †(p40, 41) Based on the above statements, it is obvious to see that they are mainly about the concept of three C’s. According to the text, thinking ethically means â€Å"thinking in terms of compliance with the rules, implicit as well as explicit, thinking in terms of the contributions one can make as well as oneâ€⠄¢s own possible gains, thinking in terms of avoiding harmful consequences to others as well as to oneself. (p40) In the case of â€Å"Sanlu milk scandal†, one of the main reasons behind

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

why barbarossa was expected essays

why barbarossa was expected essays Why was the German invasion of Russia to be expected? On June 22, 1941, the armies of Nazi-Germany stood on a two thousand kilometer long Front, preparing to attack Soviet-Russia. The inevitable assault on Russia was to finally satisfy an obsession of Adolph Hitler, the Nazi Fhrer. As for Joseph Stalin, the knowledge that three million men were standing on his front step about to break down his door should have come as no surprise. One of a number of acts by Hitler that should have alerted Stalin to possible invasion was the signing of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact. The Fhrer signed simply to give his armies time to further prepare for war. Hitlers history of pact breaking, as demonstrated by the absolute dismantling of the Treaty of Versailles and his disregard for the non-aggression pact with Poland was indication enough that Hitler could not be trusted. In addition, as Germany absorbed more and more land it should have become obvious to Stalin that the next move on the part of the Nazis would be in the direction of Russia. Hit lers long standing desire for Russias industries and agricultural lands as part of his belief in lebensraum or living space, had been public knowledge since he wrote Mein Kampf some seventeen years before. The Fhrers obsession did not end at lebensraum though; his anti-Communist feelings were an important indicator of his desire to obliterate the degenerate Slavs and their Communist government. When Stalin signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Pact, he was at a point of almost desperation. He had tried again and again to convince Britain and France to open a second front and all he had received was a few mild mannered brush-offs. So instead of a second front he got a promise from the one person he was afraid of, that Russia would not be invaded. But what Stalin failed to see was the Hitler had no intension of keeping his promise. Hitler had a lo ...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Das erstmalige Auftauchen der NPD in den 60iger Jahren und ihr Stand heute

Das erstmalige Auftauchen der NPD in den 60iger Jahren und ihr Stand heute Free Online Research Papers Das erstmalige Auftauchen der NPD in den 60iger Jahren und ihr Stand heute Die NPD machte im Jahr 2005 negative Schlagzeilen durch einen Eklat im Schsischen Landtag. Sie nannten die Bombardierung Dresden einen „Bomben-Holocaustâ€Å" und bezeichneten ihn als industriellen Massenmord. Die NPD- Politiker verweigerten sich an der Schweigeminute fà ¼r die Opfer des Nationalsozialismus teilzunehmen und verließen den Plenarsaal. Durch diese Entgleisung ist die NPD wieder in den Mittelpunkt der politischen Diskussion geraten. Es bewahrheitet sich somit wieder, dass sie antidemokratisch ist und noch immer den Holocaust verharmlost. Besonders im Osten Deutschlands trifft die NPD auf Resonanz mit ihren auslnderfeindlichen Parolen und ihre Einstellung gegen die EU. Sie schaffte es 2004 mit à ¼ber 9 Prozent bei den Landtagswahlen in den schsischen Landtag einzuziehen. Der Verfassungsschutz scheiterte aufgrund von Verfahrensfehlern die NPD zu verbieten, und so bietet sie sich weiter dem Whler an, der entweder blind im Geiste ist oder die NPD als Protestform whlt. Zu Zeiten hoher Arbeitslosigkeit und sozialer Unsicherheit wittern extremistische Parteien immer Morgenluft. Meistens haben sie nur ein schwammiges Konzept um Probleme là ¶sen zu kà ¶nnen. Meistens handelt es sich um S tammtischparolen, wobei Dinge immer vereinfacht dargestellt werden und die Bà ¶sewichter fà ¼r alle Probleme benannt werden. Wenn man die deutsche Geschichte betrachtet, waren wirtschaftliche und soziale Probleme oft die Ursache fà ¼r das Erstarken von extremistischen Parteien. Aufgrund von wirtschaftlichen und politischen Faktoren ist auch die NSDAP am 30.1.1933 an die Macht gekommen. 12 Jahre nationalsozialistische Herrschaft prgten die deutsche Geschichte entscheidend. In den 60iger Jahren begannen junge Leute zu fragen, wie konnte es à ¼berhaupt so weit kommen, dass so viele Menschen blind der NSDAP gefolgt sind und so viele Verbrechen von den Nationalsozialisten gegangen wurden. Die Studenten der 68iger Bewegung setzten sich intensiv mit dieser Zeit auseinander und begangen ihre Eltern und Großeltern nach ihrer Verantwortung in jenem Zeitraum zu fragen. Doch dass auch in den 60iger Jahren wieder rechtsextremistisches Gedankengut hochkam, lieg vor allem daran, dass die gr oße Zeit des Wirtschaftswunders vorbei war und Mitte der 60iger Jahre die erste Rezession einsetzte. Schon fangen wieder die Probleme an und es wurde nach den Schuldigen gesucht. So trat auch erstmals eine kleine Partei in die Ãâ€"ffentlichkeit und etablierte sich auch zum Teil auf Landtagsebene. Ganz im Schatten der 68iger Bewegung und der ganzen Geschehnisse stieg diese kleine Partei auf. Im Jahr 2006 gibt es diese Partei immer noch: Es ist die Nationale Partei Deutschlands, die man auch unter der Abkà ¼rzung NPD kennt. Wie bereits am Anfang beschrieben machte sie ihren Aufstieg auf Landtagsebene aufgrund ihrer Parolen perfekt und sitzt heute im schsischen Landtag. Auch in den 60iger Jahren saß sie in einigen Landtagen, aber damals wurde sie nicht so kritisch betrachtet wie heute. In der Gegenwart versucht die NPD wieder mit Propaganda die Whler zu ereichen. Die NPD wurde am 14.11. 1964 in Hannover von 17 Mitgliedern gegrà ¼ndet. Sie ging aus verschiedenen Parteien und Gruppierungen hervor. Zum ersten Vorsitzenden wurde Fritz Thielen gewhlt. Laut Literatur traten 433 Personen sofort in die NPD ein. Die Anzahl der Teilnehmer schwankt bei Grà ¼ndungsdatum zwischen 850 und 900 Personen. Viele NPD Mitglieder waren bereits Mitglieder der NSDAP, aber keiner von ihnen war ein Verbrecher oder Kriegsverbrecher. Die NPD hatte nun im darauf folgenden Jahr das Ziel, in die politische Parteienlandschaft der BRD einzutreten. Dieser Vorgang war bereits mit der Bundestagswahl von 1965 geplant. Ein weiterer Grund fà ¼r das Erstarken der NPD sind Protestdenken und die Erinnerung an die Vergangenheit. Die Mitgliederzahlen schwanken zwischen 28 000 und 40 000 Personen. Diese Zahlen sind jedoch nur Schtzungen, da der Staat keinen direkten Zugang zur Bundesgeschftsstelle hatte. Das Jahr 1966 war die Geburtsstunde der „Großen Koalitionâ€Å" zwisc hen CDU/CSU und SPD. Die NPD sah nun ihre Chance gekommen, die nationalistisch-konserativen und antikommunistisch eingestellten Kreise des Bà ¼rgertums zu gewinnen. Diese Kreise des Bà ¼rgertums sahen sich auch bedroht, als nun erste soziale und wirtschaftliche Schwierigkeiten auftraten. Die Jahre nach dem Kriege waren trotz demokratischer Verhltnisse autoritr geprgt. Das nationalsozialistische Gedankengut lebte in Teilen der deutschen Bevà ¶lkerung weiter. In den westlichen drei Besatzungszonen ging man nach dem Krieg sehr oberflchlich mit der Entnazifizierung vor. Ehemalige NSDAP-Mitglieder schafften es sogar in demokratischen Parteien aufzusteigen. Der ehemalige Bundesprsident Là ¼bke und der Bundeskanzler Kiesinger sind die zwei wichtigsten Beispiele dafà ¼r. Der Antisemitismus war noch immer in den Kà ¶pfen der Deutschen. Sie sahen die Juden als fremde Rasse an. Adolf Hitler war fà ¼r ein Drittel der Deutschen in den 60iger Jahren einer der grà ¶ÃƒÅ¸ten Staatsmnner der deutschen Geschichte. Viele Menschen konnten sich mit der Bundesrepublik Deutschland nicht richtig anfreunden und waren noch tief mit dem Dritten Reich geistig verbunden. Nun machten sich wieder Existenzngste breit und der Ruf nach einer starken Persà ¶nlichkeit wurden wieder publik. So war es auch am Vorabend des 30.1. 1933, als Millionen von Menschen vor dem wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Nichts standen. Nur war die Lage damals viel bedrohlicher, weil breite Schichten um ihre Existenz bangten. Das war aber in 60iger Jahren lngst nicht der Fall. Auch wenn es eine erste Rezession 1966 gab, so kann von einer Existenzkrise noch keine Rede gewesen sein. Im Jahr 2006 sieht die Situation schon anders aus. Wenn à ¼ber 5 Millionen Menschen von arbeitslos sind, ist die existenzielle Bedrohung wieder in greifbare Nhe gerà ¼ckt. Von daher kann man die Situation in den 60iger Jahren nicht mit der von heute vergleichen. Aber das Prinzip des Erstarkens von extremistischen politischen Gruppier ungen in Krisenzeiten ist das Gleiche. Vor allem in den Bereichen der Landwirtschaft, des Bergbaus und im Mittelstand gab es Mitte der 60iger Jahre eine erste wirtschaftliche Krise. Die Erschà ¼tterung der Menschen gab der NPD zustzlichen Auftrieb. Der Mythos von einem immerwhrenden Wirtschaftwunder zerplatzte wie eine Seifenblase. Da nun eine große Koalition der beiden Parteien regierte, gab es außer der FDP keine ernstzunehmende Opposition mehr im deutschen Bundestag. Es wurde nun die Außerparlamentarische Opposition (APO) gegrà ¼ndet, die viele konservative Bà ¼rger als Bedrohung empfanden. Auch die aufkommende Studentenbewegung verschrfte das Gefà ¼hl der Bedrohung. Die APO war der Gegenspieler zur NPD. Fà ¼r die NPD stand die AOP fà ¼r den Werteverfall und den Zerfall der traditionellen Normen. Die NPD machte sich dies zunutze, in dem sie Sicherheit durch Recht und Ordnung versprach. Die APO setzte die NPD mit dem Nationalsozialismus gleich und stellte damit das konservative Image der NPD in Frage. In der Deutschlandpolitik gab es ein Umschwenken bei den großen Parteien. Erstmal schloss die Regierungspartei 1964 Vertrge mit osteuropischen Staaten ab. Die NPD prangerte die Außenpolitik der Regierungsparteien an forderte die ehemaligen deutschen Gebiete zurà ¼ck. Die NPD konnte bei den Landtagswahlen in einige westdeutsche Landtage mit zum Teil beachtlichen Erfolg einziehen. Bei den Landtagswahlen in Baden Wà ¼rttemberg 1968 konnte die NPD mit 9,8 % Stimmenanteil fast den zweistelligen Bereich erreichen. Der Aufstieg der NPD dauerte bis 1970 an, danach verlor sie immer mehr an Bedeutung. Auf Bundesebene gelang es der NPD nicht, in den Bundestag einzuziehen. 1969 war es ihr mit 4,3 % aber fast gelungen in den Bundestag einzuziehen. Das war auch der Hà ¶hepunkt der NPD im Wahlergebnis. 1972 erreichte sie nur noch magere 0,6% Stimmenanteile. Da es die NPD 1969 nicht schaffte in den Bundestag einzuziehen und damit die 5% Hà ¼rde zu à ¼berwinden, waren viele NPD-Whler enttuscht und wurden fà ¼r die nchsten knapp 20 Jahre von der CDU aufgesogen. Das Scheitern 1969 war fà ¼r die NPD Ende der 60iger Jahre der Anfang vom Ende. Sie hat bei ihren Whlern eine bestimmte Erwartungshaltung nicht erfà ¼hlt und verlor damit Whler. Der Weg in die Bedeutungslosigkeit war damit gelegt und fà ¼r die nchsten Jahre sollte die NPD keine Bedeutung in politischer Hinsicht mehr haben. Die NPD scheiterte, weil sie nun in der Presse ein negatives Echo auslà ¶ste. Bei den Wahlkampfveranstaltungen 1969 kam es zu Tumulten gegen die NPD. Statt der versprochenen Ruhe und Ordnung war die Lage eher chaotisch, deshalb distanzierten sich viele Whler von der NPD und gingen zur CDU à ¼ber. Es fehlten etwa 300 000 Whlerstimmen fà ¼r den Einzug in den 6. Deutschen Bundestag. Bei den Landtagswahlen 1970 und 1971 verlor die NPD alle ihre bisher erreichten Mandate wieder. In finanzieller Hinsicht war der Bundeswahlkampf 1969 auch ein Desaster, d enn die NPD ging aus diesem mit 1,8 Millionen DM Schulden hervor. Durch innere Flà ¼gelkmpfe schwchte sich die NPD noch mehr. Es verließen immer mehr Mitglieder NPD, als neue dazukamen. Damit war das erste Kapitel der NPD Anfang der 70iger Jahre wieder abgeschlossen. Die NPD schaffte es nicht wirklich, weder aufgrund der 68iger Bewegung noch aufgrund wirtschaftlicher Schwierigkeiten, in der damaligen BRD auf Bundesebene prsent zu sein. Die NPD ist eine Partei, die in dem 1949 geschaffenen System fremd erscheint und heute verboten werden mà ¼sste. Ihre Existenz macht deutlich, wie krisenanfllig die Demokratie ist. Vor allem hetzt die NPD in heutiger Zeit gegen Schwchere, wie Auslnder, Homosexuelle und Behinderte. In der Suche nach dem Sà ¼ndenbock und einem Verantwortlichen fà ¼r bestimmte Verhltnisse nehmen die Menschen sich den einfachsten Weg, alles bei Schwcheren abzuladen. In der Zeit der 68iger Bewegung hat die NPD eindeutig den Kà ¼rzeren gezogen. Literaturverzeichnis Behrend, Katharina: Die Rolle nationalistischer Bewegungen im politischen System der Bundesrepublik Deutschland am Beispiel von NPD und Republikaner im historischen Vergleich, Regensburg 1996 Fascher, Eckhard: Modernisierter Rechtsextremismus? Ein Vergleich der Partei Grà ¼ndungsprozesse der NPD und der Republikaner in den sechziger und siebziger Jahren, Berlin 1994 Hans Maier: Struktur und Ideologie einer „nationalen Rechtsparteiâ€Å", Mà ¼nchen 1968 Research Papers on Das erstmalige Auftauchen der NPD in den 60iger Jahren und ihr Stand heuteHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionStandardized TestingHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThree Concepts of PsychodynamicAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Definition of Export Quotas

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Scot-free

Scot-free Scot-free Scot-free By Maeve Maddox â€Å"To escape scot-free† means to elude merited consequences: [Construction] Site Deaths Soaring as Bosses Escape Scot Free No escape: independent directors won’t go scot free Now all the doctors at Mid Staffs escape scot-free over deaths. In the Middle Ages a scot was a tax or tribute paid by a feudal tenant to his lord. The word derives from a Scandanavian word meaning tribute. It came to stand for different kinds of payments levied for services. In Kent and Sussex, the scot was a tax for the maintenance of drainage systems and flood prevention. In some contexts the scot was simply the bill owed for drinks or entertainment. Explanations of the expression scot-free may be found on numerous web sites. Most of the sites I’ve browsed correctly trace the term to the word for a tax, but a few cling to a mistaken idea that the expression has something to do with the 1857 US Supreme Court ruling known as the â€Å"Dred Scott Decision.† For example, this confident explanation: Its spelt scott-free and refers to a famous US Supreme Court decision involving the black slave Dred Scott. Ironically Scott lost his suit, though you wouldnt know it from the well-known phrase. The misspelling scott occurs both as an error and as a play on the name of someone named Scott. For example: Lincoln’s Assassin Got Away Scott Free (misspelled headline at YouTube) American Idol recap: Getting off Scott-free (The reference is to a contestant named Scott MacIntyre.) The lingering association of scot-free with Dred Scott is probably owing to vague recollections of high school history: a man named Scott wanted to be free. To refresh your memory, here’s a recap of what the Dred Scott Decision was about: In 1846, Dred Scott, then 47 years old, sued the Missouri state government on behalf of his wife, two daughters, and himself; the suit contended that they were being illegally held in slavery. Scott was born into slavery in Alabama. When he was about 30, he was sold to an Army doctor in Missouri. During the following years, Scott married, fathered two daughters, and lived at different times in the free states of Illinois and Wisconsin. Scott’s lawsuit contended that residence in a free state conferred freedom. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court where, in 1857, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney wrote the majority opinion: the Scotts were property and property rights were protected by the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution. Although Dred Scott lost his case, he did not die in slavery. His owner’s widow married an abolitionist who returned the family to Scott’s original owner. The former slave owner had since moved to Missouri and become an abolitionist; he freed Scott, his wife, and their two daughters. Dred Scott died of tuberculosis after enjoying only seventeen months of freedom. His wife Harriet survived him by eighteen years. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Synonyms for â€Å"Leader†Probable vs. PossibleContinue and "Continue on"

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Human Population Growth and the Environment Essay

Human Population Growth and the Environment - Essay Example of humans on earth, population increase has always been attributed to a number of factors namely: fertility, longevity infact mortality, animal domestication plus agriculture, industrial revolution, nutrition, and medicine. In the past, human population on the surface of the earth was scarce. According to Hunter (2000), the above factors contributed greatly to increase in population in the past 200 years. Human population was constantly kept small due to occurrence of diseases that were incurable, natural disasters that could not be avoided, high infant mortality rate, poor fertility rates, poor agricultural farming, poor nutrition, and poor knowledge in medicine. With human beings becoming more revolutionized and discovering tools which could help them in increasing their production, a lot of changes made in the field of agriculture contributed to increase in food production and hence longevity. Majority of groups whom were pastoralists on seeing the benefits of agriculture, settled in various placed, coupled with the technological know-how of the given art, specialization led to growing up of various fields which encouraged a given population to be concentrated in a town center in order to benefit fr om the given activity. Trade came hand in hand with agriculture and humans diversified in their search to get more stability in their lives. With stability, came the need to research on common problems that faced the given population and provide remedies. These are some of the things that led into research in technological and medical advancements that resulted in increased cure rate and less death rate in all ages. Around 200 years ago, with the coming of industrial revolution, human beings population started to grown as they discovered that the world offered more resources. Around that time, infant mortality had been reduced as research in medicine had been advanced. In addition, mortality in general reduced based on more diseases getting cured. As human

Friday, October 18, 2019

STATS Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

STATS - Statistics Project Example The author of this article, titled â€Å"The CDC Conspiracy† has genuinely tried to conduct some media analysis on this subject. Commenting on Brain Hooker’s paper that covered the facts about this topic, the article is critical about its coverage as the paper never bothered to look into the reviews of other media publications like The Washington Post, The New York Times or The Los Angels Times. This provides evidence that Hooker had certain interest to suppress some useful critical statistical data, as claimed by a researcher on the subject and later in a story published in Hooker’s paper by William Thompson. Although CNN tried to present information from two opposite sides, this report also added to confusion of the interested readers. With the background of a senior CDC scientist, who turned a whistle blower: a senior CDC researcher supported the allegation that important data was held-back, intentionally.(Butterworth, 2015) The analysis of this article also throws some light on the media rivalry, which often results in pinpointing each other’s mistakes. However, A few impartial researchers like Rebecca Goldin will always be there, helping anxious readers to reach an impartial

Case Analysis-Milton Manufacturing Company Study

Analysis-Milton Manufacturing Company - Case Study Example Issues at Milton Manufacturing Company Companies that face issues must identify them in order to evaluate its effects and to find solutions to resolve the problems. The managers of the company are directly responsible for the performance of the employees and the company as a whole. Resolving problems can help improve the productivity, efficiency, and profitability of a company. Milton Manufacturing Company faces three types of problems. The three types of problems present at the firm are accounting, operational, and ethical issues. The accounting department is responsible for recording, tracking, and monitoring the economic activity of a firm (McGuckin). It is of the utmost importance for accountants to comply with the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and to maintain a high level of ethical conduct by the professionals that practice accounting. The first financial problem that the company faces is that its revenues decreased by 10% in comparison with the previous year. Lower sales results hurt the bottom line of the company by lowering its profitability. Another issue with lower sales is that it can deplete the cash reserves of a firm. A second accounting issue was that the capital expenditures of the company were increasing at a rate of 26%. A third accounting issue Milton Manufacturing Company faced was a reduction in its cash flow position. ... Lower sales results hurt the bottom line of the company by lowering its profitability. Another issue with lower sales is that it can deplete the cash reserves of a firm. A second accounting issue was that the capital expenditures of the company were increasing at a rate of 26%. A third accounting issue Milton Manufacturing Company faced was a reduction in its cash flow position. Cash is the most important assets a company holds because it is used to pay for the short and long term obligations of the company which include payments of payroll, utilities, and debt. The cash flow from operating activities of the company decreased from $1,925,000 to $1,722,000. The firm’s cash outflow from investing activities increased from $1,834,000 to $2,244,000. The only positive activity in the statement of cash flows is that cash from investing activities received an inflow of $168,000 instead of the outflow the firm had the previous year of $376,000. The cash position of the company was ext remely important due to the fact that the company was in the process of obtaining a $20 million loan from Second Bankers Hour & Trust Co. Ann Plokin determined that if the company keeps spending at its current pace it would not be able to pay for the $20 million loan. In order to remedy the situation she implemented a control measure to limit the capital expenditures of the different plants to the 2009 level of expenditures. Milton Manufacturing Company also faced production problems. One of its plant managers, Sammie Markowitz, identified a major operational deficiency in the machinery and equipment of the firm. He notified the problem to the VP of operations. The problem he identified was

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Dramatic action, genres and styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dramatic action, genres and styles - Essay Example Lewis is more interested in the experiences people had with guns more than she is about political attitude people show towards them. The set is moderate just a work area, a light, and a seat enhance the stage. A couple of picture casings are taken out of a cardboard box every now and then, and an upstage entryway is marginally aired out, giving a fragment of light. That ever-so-slight light from the entryway is unpleasant and feels typical of discovering light toward the end of a dull passage. Maybe that is the proposition: to infer trust for Lewis that she may inevitably be free from her individual story of enthusiasm and melancholy. On the other hand maybe it holds a more noteworthy centrality: to recommend that despite the fact that the voices of those on the far left and far right of weapon control laws are the voices that are frequently noted, the individuals who are in the middle of the lions share may can some way or another be heard and arrangements can be found. Villa unmistakably presents Lewis words, â€Å"We have a problem with guns in America.† The issue is we ridiculously like them." Like the m, abhor them, or feel some place in the middle of, weapon control is an issue that has more than one side. With a second demonstration that permits the gathering of people to impart their musings and stories, this show is encouraging a quite required dialog. During the climax of the play, Lewis does reveal how it is a fascinating and frequently excruciating adventure through gun culture — an anodyne expression that covers the numerous shades of subtlety in how Americans feel about firearms. The vicinity of Lewis herself and our dawning acknowledgment of exactly how difficult some of these stories will be, joined with Villas pliable (yet frequently funny) persona as the course for one ladys existence with weapons includes a passionate measurement that I think wouldnt be there without both of

Is Current Government Policy On Training And Development Fit for Essay

Is Current Government Policy On Training And Development Fit for Purpose - Essay Example This essay stresses that the programs launched by the UK government with regards to their educational reforms were found to be extremely effective and advantageous for the economy. With the problems arising in the educational sector in the region, such as falling stay on rates, inadequacy and shortfall of skills in the labour market and quality of education, these policies were found to be extremely effective and improved the quality and level of education substantially in the sector. The business and organizational sector had been facing the consistent the government's attempt to implement the programs in as much cost effective ways as possible was particularly effective for the state. The gaps existing between skills and the corporate were reduced substantially through the reforms. The aspect of educational maintenance allowance was found to be very effective. This has been helpful in furthering education for children aged between 16 and 17 years of age. The programs have been part icularly supportive for the economically backward class which had limited access to higher education. However, raising tuition fees by the government had major criticisms as it could not be afforded by many. However, the positive effect of the policy was that it helped to retain competition in the education sector and was a boost for the meritorious students belonging to the high income class and the unmeritorious students belonging to the lower incomes groups in society and enjoying unlimited benefits from the government.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Dramatic action, genres and styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dramatic action, genres and styles - Essay Example Lewis is more interested in the experiences people had with guns more than she is about political attitude people show towards them. The set is moderate just a work area, a light, and a seat enhance the stage. A couple of picture casings are taken out of a cardboard box every now and then, and an upstage entryway is marginally aired out, giving a fragment of light. That ever-so-slight light from the entryway is unpleasant and feels typical of discovering light toward the end of a dull passage. Maybe that is the proposition: to infer trust for Lewis that she may inevitably be free from her individual story of enthusiasm and melancholy. On the other hand maybe it holds a more noteworthy centrality: to recommend that despite the fact that the voices of those on the far left and far right of weapon control laws are the voices that are frequently noted, the individuals who are in the middle of the lions share may can some way or another be heard and arrangements can be found. Villa unmistakably presents Lewis words, â€Å"We have a problem with guns in America.† The issue is we ridiculously like them." Like the m, abhor them, or feel some place in the middle of, weapon control is an issue that has more than one side. With a second demonstration that permits the gathering of people to impart their musings and stories, this show is encouraging a quite required dialog. During the climax of the play, Lewis does reveal how it is a fascinating and frequently excruciating adventure through gun culture — an anodyne expression that covers the numerous shades of subtlety in how Americans feel about firearms. The vicinity of Lewis herself and our dawning acknowledgment of exactly how difficult some of these stories will be, joined with Villas pliable (yet frequently funny) persona as the course for one ladys existence with weapons includes a passionate measurement that I think wouldnt be there without both of

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Study - Research Paper Example The work analyzes the ethics of IT and the ethical decision-making processes, which will give a combined justification of the role of the government in the administration of security. Therefore, this paper is an explanation of the control of the government over the IT facilities. The central IT ethical issue, in this case, is improper handling of information especially revealing sensitive data to unwanted parties. The seven-point decision plan provides one best models for making choices in the social context. For this case, the model’s seven steps are analyzed in this section. This model and the chosen theories attempt to justify the increased control of the government over the internet and challenge the debates against the move. For instance, there are those who argue that the move will make the use of the internet more expensive while others feel that the move compromises their privacy (Norquist & Gleason, 2014) On 9 September 2011, there was a terrorist attack that targeted the national security of the country. For this case, there were losses of life and destruction of property after which the Al Qaeda group led by Osama Bin Laden engineered. The government was the most challenged in this case because there was a picture of its citizens that it had failed to protect its people. The government hoped to increase surveillance of the vulnerable channels of national security. The effects would result in an improved national security layout but, at the same time, compromise the control of private parties over the internet and other IT infrastructure. The incidence left the government as the principal actor in the case of national security because the constitution ensures all citizens have the right to security. There was, therefore, a need that government found the best alternative that would give it more control of the communication channels that facilitate terrorism. There were a number of options for the government, most of which

The Heckscher-Ohlin Essay Example for Free

The Heckscher-Ohlin Essay The Heckscher-Ohlin theorem of international trade argues that a capital abundant country is supposed to export those goods that are capital intensive while a country that is labor abundant is expected to export goods that are labor intensive, while David Ricardo argued that there should be free trade among countries and also there should be specialization among the individuals in production of any products. Ricardo later assumes that there is mutual benefit in trade between two countries even if one country has the resources while the other lacks the resources. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory assumes that the two countries in trade are identical apart from the differences in their resource endowments. The abundance in capital results in the capital abundant country producing the capital intensive good (Ethier, 1974. ) When there is specialization and trade between two countries there will be an improvement in the standards of living in the two countries. The Leontief paradox argues that trade is normally determined by the level of abundance of the factors of production in any economy. He found that although the USA was well endowed with capital it exported labor intensive products and imported capital intensive products. International trade is determined by endowment factors in any Nation. Those countries which have endowment factors for the manufacturers will trade with each other while countries with favorable factors for production of primary products will trade with each other. A specific tariff is a fixed rate that is charged on a certain predetermined quantity for example$10 per Kilogram. An ad valorem tariff is a fixed percentage of the total value of the goods being imported. A compound tariff is a charge on a good comprising of both the specific tariff and the Ad Valorem Tariff. REFERENCES LIST Ethier, W. 1974. Some of the theorems of international trade with many goods and factors. Journal of International Economics, v. 4; pp. 199–206.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Nature of Cortical Bone

Nature of Cortical Bone Nature of cortical bone from the millimeter to Nano-meter scale: Likewise, with every organic tissue, cortical bone has a various leveled structure. This implies cortical bone contains a wide range of structures that exist on many levels of scale. The various leveled association of cortical bone is characterized in the table below: Cortical bone structural organization: Level Cortical structure Size range h 0 Solid material >3000mm 1 Secondary Osteons (A) Primary Osteons (B) Plexiform (C) Interstitial Bone 100 to 300mm 2 Lamellae(A,B*,C*) Lacunae(A,B,C,D) Cement lines(A) 3 to 20mm 3 Collagen-Composite(A,B,C,D) 0.06 to 0.6mm Table 1 Cortical bone structural organization along with approximate physical scales. A Structures found in secondary cortical bone B Structures found in primary lamellar cortical bone C Structures found in plexiform bone D Structures found in woven bone * Structures present in B and C but much less than in A Figure 1 Cortical Bones Section view Woven-fibered cortical bone: Woven bone tissue is frequently found in extremely youthful developing skeletons less than 5 years old. Woven bone is accepted to be less thick in light of the free and muddled pressing of the sort I collagen filaments. woven bone is less hardened than different sorts of bone tissue in light of the commence that break callus is made predominantly out of woven bone and is a great deal less solid than typical bone tissue. Coordinate estimations of woven bone tissue solidness have not been made. Plexiform Cortical Bone Tissue: Figure 2 Plexiform Bone Section view Plexiform bone emerges from mineral buds which develop first opposite and after that parallel to the external bone surface. This developing example creates the block like structure normal for plexiform bone. Every block in plexiform bone is around 125 microns (mm) crosswise over. Plexiform bone, like essential and optional bone, must be shaped on existing bone or ligament surfaces and cant be framed all over again like woven bone. Because of its association, plexiform bone offers a great deal more surface territory contrasted with essential or auxiliary bone whereupon bone can be shaped. This expands the measure of bone which can be shaped in each time allotment and gave an approach to all the more quickly increment bone firmness and quality in a brief timeframe. While plexiform may have more noteworthy firmness than essential or optional cortical bone, it might do not have the break capturing properties which would make it more appropriate for more dynamic species like canines (pooc hes) and human Primary Osteonal Cortical Bone Tissue: they dont contain the same number of lamellae as auxiliary osteons. Likewise, the vascular channels inside primary osteons have a tendency to be smaller than optional osteons. Consequently, primary Osteonal cortical bone might be mechanically more stronger than secondary Osteonal cortical bone Secondary Osteonal Cortical Bone Tissue: Auxiliary osteons contrast from essential osteons in that optional osteons are framed by substitution of existing bone. Auxiliary bone outcomes from a procedure known as remodeling. In rebuilding, bone cells known as osteoclasts first resorb or destroy an area of bone in a passage called a cutting cone. Taking after the osteoclasts are bone cells known as osteoblasts which then frame issue that remains to be worked out up the passage. The osteoblasts top off the passage in stunned sums making lamellae which exist at the second level of structure. The osteoblasts dont totally fill the cutting cone however leave an inside part open. This focal bit is known as a Haversian channel (see cortical bone schematic). The aggregate breadth of an auxiliary osteon ranges from 200 to 300 microns (meant as mm; equivalent to 0.2 to 0.3 millimeters). Notwithstanding osteons, optional cortical bone tissue likewise contains interstitial bone (umich.edu, n.d.) Figure 3 Secondary Osteonal Cortical Bone Tissue Performance of Bone as a tough and light material: Most long bones appear, at first sight, to be unduly firm for the capacity they need to serve. If distinctive ones are made of bone material with similar properties, the thicker they are, the stiffer they will be. They will likewise, obviously, be heavier. Consequently, it may appear that there is a basic tradeoff amongst solidness and mass. Notwithstanding, one cant consider the firmness and mass of the bone alone. One must consider additionally the mass of the muscle and bone framework together. Regularly, as when a weight is held in the hand with the elbow twisted, the framework ought not divert at all affected by a heap. Assume that the muscle is equipped for bearing the heap. To do this, it needs a specific cross-sectional area, however its length is irrelevant. The load is appied through the hand toward the end of the bone, which will avoid to some degree, however the diversion can be taken up by compression of the muscle. On the off chance that the bone were thin and in this way light, yet adaptable, then after the load was applied, the muscle would need to get far to balance the extensive diversion of the finish of the adaptable bone. Assuming, on the other hand, the bone was stout and along these lines heavy, however stiff, after a similar load was applied, the muscle would need to contract just a short approach to balance the slight adaptability of the bone. The muscle appended to the adaptable bone would need to be longer, in light of the fact that there is more redirection in the unresolved issue up, than the muscle joined to the solid bone, and on the grounds that the two muscles must have same cross-sectional zone, the muscle connected to the more adaptable bone would accordingly be heavier. As it were, one is paying for daintiness in the bone by weight in the muscles and the other way around. The pinnacle worries in the bone would be around 75 MPa when the framework was lightest. What is fascinating about this outcome is that the anxiety esteem is generally the same as the most extreme burdens found in the legs of numerous warm blooded animals amid strenuous exercises, for example, running quick or bouncing. At the end of the day, if bones were intended to have an adaptability that would limit the mass of the bone-muscle framework, the anxieties forced by the muscles would be of the request of 75 MPa, and this is generally what we find that bones are uncovered to. It might be, in this way, that the security considers that we see bones are, inexactly, controlled by the ideal firmness for least general weight. In the event that bone material were considerably weaker than it really is, bones would be heavier, thus drive the relationship, and they would be stiffer than was ideal for least mass. Remodeling of Cortical Bone and Cancellous Bone: Cortical bone: remodels by osteoclastic tunneling (cutting cone) osteoclastic resorption > layering of osteoblasts > layering of lamellae > cement line laid down. osteoclast make up head of cutting cone, followed by capillaries and then osteoblasts which lay down the osteoid to fill the cutting cone. sclerostin inhibits osteoblastogenenesis to decrease bone formation. cortical bone continues to change over time. cortical area decreases as age increases linked to increase fracture risk medullary canal volume increases as age increases Cancellous bone remodels by osteoclastic resorption osteoblastic deposition of layers of lamellae (Moore, n.d.) Figure 4 Bone rebuilding cavity diagram. (Disord, n.d.) Bone remodeling happens in what Frost named the Basic Multicellular Unit (BMU), which includes the osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes inside the bone-rebuilding cavity (Fig. 4). In cancellous bone rebuilding happens on the surface of trabeculae and keeps going around 200 days in ordinary bone. The rebuilding cycle can be as short as 100 days in thyrotoxicosis and essential hyperparathyroidism and surpass 1,000 days in low turnover states like Myxedema and after bisphosphonate treatment. Remodeling is started by osteoclastic resorption, which dissolves a resorption lacuna, the profundity of which fluctuates between 60 in youthful people and 40 ÃŽÂ ¼m in more established people. The resorption time frame has a middle span of 30-40 days and is trailed by bone development over a time of 150 days (Fig. 4). In typical bone the aftereffect of the remodeling cycle is finished refilling of the resorption lacuna with new bone. In sickness states like osteoporosis, the fundamental defo rmity is that the osteoblast cant refill the resorption lacuna prompting to a net loss of bone with each remodeling occasion. In cortical bone remodeling continues in passages with osteoclasts framing cutting cones evacuating harmed bone took after by refilling by osteoblasts in the end cone happening behind the osteoclasts. In typical bone the span of the renovating cycle in cortical is shorter than in cancellous bone with a middle of 120 days. The aggregate surface of cancellous bone is totally renovated over a time of 2 years. As opposed to renovating destinations in cancellous bone, which are near red marrow, known to contain osteoprogenitor cells, rebuilding locales in cortical bone are far off from red marrow. Thusly, it was expected that the components of bone remodeling were distinctive in cancellous versus cortical bone, i.e. that the cells required for bone rebuilding in cancellous bone voyaged straightforwardly from the red marrow to bone surfaces in cancellous bone, whil e cells achieved cortical remodeling destinations bone by means of the vasculature. (Eriksen, n.d.) Targeted and non-targeted remodeling: Through its steady removal and renewal of damaged bone, bone redesigning secures skeletal trustworthiness all through life. It has turned out to be standard to recognize targeted on and non-targeted on (stochastic) rebuilding. Non-targeted on rebuilding means control renovating by hormones like PTH, thyroxine, development hormone and estrogen, additionally antiresorptive medications like bisphosphonates may influence non-targeted on redesigning. It appears that the primary pathway is through regulation of osteoclasts, which then by means of the coupling amongst resorption and development along these lines influences osteoblast movement. Directed redesigning secures expulsion of harmed bone through targeted resorption. Osteocytes are the most plenteous cells in bone, and their passing by microdamage has been recommended to be the significant occasion driving in the start of osteoclastic bone resorption. In typical bone. Resorption lacunae are 3 times more regular in relationship with microcracks, showing that redesigning is related with repair of such microdamage. Harmed osteocytes advance separation of osteoclast forerunners driven by discharge of M-CSF and RANKL. In cortical bone there is confirmation to recommend, that microdamage enacts new BMUs, as well as may direct the development of existing BMUs as they passage through the cortex. It likewise appears that the level of harm to the osteocyte organize decides osteocyte metabolic reactions to stacking and impacts targeted on renovating. Investigation of the relationship of between mean microcrack length and BMU resorption space thickness in cortical bone shows that BMUs have a powerful region around 40 times more prominent than their genuine cross-area, which proposes that osteoclasts in the cutting cone of cortical BMUs can detect and direct toward microdamage. The connection amongst microdamage and start of bone renovating is further validated by the way that osteoclastic resorption is expanded in old bone. how cells are effected by mechanical loads, fluid or forces: In physical movement, mechanical strengths are applied on the bones through ground response forces and by the contractile action of muscles. These physical strengths result in an upkeep or pick up of bone mass, additionally drive adjustment of bone structure. The adjustment of trabecular bone engineering as per the requests of mechanical utilization is apparent in the vertebrae, where the trabeculae are transcendently situated in the longitudinal course, giving the most ideal imperviousness to pressure break of the vertebrae with an insignificant utilization of material. A great case of the empowering impact of mechanical stimuli on bone mass is given by the bones in the lower arm of tennis players. The ulna and radius in the arm that holds the racket are presented to high effect forces, prompting to little distortions in the hardened bone grid and an expansion in bone mass of 5 to 10% contrasted with the ulna in the contra-parallel arm. The distortions that happen in bones subsequen tly of physical forces are communicated as strain, where 1,000 microstrain breaks even with a 0.01% change long of the bone contrasted with its unique length. Lively exercise prompts bone strains up to 1,000 microstrain in people. By examination, controlled episodes of entire bone stacking bringing about 1,000 to 3,000 microstrain are anabolic in exploratory creature models of one-stacking, exhibiting the potential for fitting physical exercise schedules as a way to improve bone mass. The cells likely in charge of detecting the physical stimuli got from mechanical forces applied on bones are the osteocytes, which include more than 90% of the bone cells. Osteocytes are stellate cells that are inserted inside the calcified bone framework. They shape an extensive number of cell-cell contacts through their long slim cell forms, framing a syncytium fit for fast transduction of signs. Osteocytes are exceptionally mechanosensitive, likely more so than periosteal fibroblasts or osteoblasts, and change the creation of a large number of flagging particles when activated by a mechanical force. Mechanically initiated osteocytes create flagging atoms like bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Wnts, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and NO, which can adjust the enrollment, separation, and action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Along these lines, osteocytes are hypothetically equipped for coordinating bone adjustment in light of mechanical stimuli. The loss of bone mass after rear appendag e emptying of mice was forestalled when 80% of the osteocytes were removed. Osteocytes accordingly appear to empower osteoclast action without day by day mechanical burdens, a capability that has been affirmed in vitro thinks about. To be sure it has been indicated as of late by two free gatherings that RANKL generation by osteocytes decides bone mass in grown-up mice, showing the significance of osteocytes in the control of bone mass. Strangely, a similar review exhibiting the prerequisite of osteocytes for intervening emptying instigated bone misfortune likewise demonstrated that the anabolic reaction of unresolved issue (does not require the nearness of living osteocytes. Be that as it may, this does not wipe out the part of osteocytes in intervening the anabolic reaction of unresolved issue under typical conditions. If osteocytes are the expert mechanosensing cells of bone, then how do these cells sense entire bone burdens? One prominent hypothesis involves that network trains encompassing the osteocyte cell forms drive a thin layer of extracellular fluid encompassing the osteocyte cell procedures to stream over a weight angle. This stream of fluid opens up nearby strains, and is along these lines the mechanical signal that is eventually detected by the osteocytes. There is adequate exploratory proof to bolster disfigurements of the bone grid drive an interstitial fluid stream. A stream of additional cell fluid around the osteocytes thus of bone tissue strains, by stacking of sheep tibiae and taking after the dispersion of tracers through the lacuno-canalicular system. All the more as of late, Price et al.(2011) utilized fluorescence recuperation in the wake of photobleaching for imaging fluid dislodging synchronized with mechanical stacking, to demonstrate that the mechanical stacking of mouse tibia upgraded fluid transport through the lacuno-canalicular framework, exhibiting the connection of canalicular fluid stream with mechanical load. Moreover, a few agents announced that it is not the measure of strain connected to an entire bone that impacts bone development, yet the rate at which the strain is connected. References Disord, R. E. (n.d.). Rev Endocr Metab Disord. Retrieved from Reviews in Endocrine Metabolic Disorders: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3028072/figure/Fig1/ Eriksen, E. F. (n.d.). Reviews in Endocrine Metabolic Disorders. Retrieved from Reviews in Endocrine Metabolic Disorders: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3028072/ Moore, D. (n.d.). Orthobullets. Retrieved from Orthobullets: www.orthobullets.com/basic-science/9008/bone-remodeling umich.edu. (n.d.). Introduction to Biosolid Mechanics. Retrieved from umich.edu: http://www.umich.edu/~bme332/ch9bone/bme332bone.htm

Saturday, October 12, 2019

political views of federalists and republicans :: essays research papers

The political views of the federalist and the republicans towards the government of the United States of America were different. The republicans stressed equality of rights among citizens allowing people to govern themselves. The federalists believed in a stronger government one in which was sovereign and had superior power over the local governments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The republicans view almost always proved to be a disaster but the republicans believed that if a republican government could succeed anywhere, it would be within the virtuous communities of the United States of America. The republicans felt that replacing a monarchy government with a republican government would give the people many more rights and freedoms. Many people thought that it required too much public integrity for the people to govern themselves and live independently. It would require the people to obey laws and maintain order with the absence of monarchy forces.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The federalists view saw the republicans view as a weakness. They insisted on a stronger common government. The federalists had an understanding that there could only be one sovereign in a political system, one final authority that everyone must obey and no one can appeal. They thought this was the only effective way in creating an effective central government. The independent states seemed to think it was clear that each one of them were independently sovereign, although based on history only small countries were suitable for the republican government. With history proving the republicans wrong for trying to create a republican government in the states the federalists were slowly trying to create a stronger central government. There first step was making the sovereign states agree to the Articles of Confederation which established a close alliance of independent states. The federalist central government was referred to as a â€Å"confederacy†. political views of federalists and republicans :: essays research papers The political views of the federalist and the republicans towards the government of the United States of America were different. The republicans stressed equality of rights among citizens allowing people to govern themselves. The federalists believed in a stronger government one in which was sovereign and had superior power over the local governments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The republicans view almost always proved to be a disaster but the republicans believed that if a republican government could succeed anywhere, it would be within the virtuous communities of the United States of America. The republicans felt that replacing a monarchy government with a republican government would give the people many more rights and freedoms. Many people thought that it required too much public integrity for the people to govern themselves and live independently. It would require the people to obey laws and maintain order with the absence of monarchy forces.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The federalists view saw the republicans view as a weakness. They insisted on a stronger common government. The federalists had an understanding that there could only be one sovereign in a political system, one final authority that everyone must obey and no one can appeal. They thought this was the only effective way in creating an effective central government. The independent states seemed to think it was clear that each one of them were independently sovereign, although based on history only small countries were suitable for the republican government. With history proving the republicans wrong for trying to create a republican government in the states the federalists were slowly trying to create a stronger central government. There first step was making the sovereign states agree to the Articles of Confederation which established a close alliance of independent states. The federalist central government was referred to as a â€Å"confederacy†.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Resesarch

CASE: American Barrick Resources Corporation : Managing Gold Price Risk 1. In the absence of a hedging program using financial instruments, how sensitive would Barrick stock be to gold price changes? For every 1% change in gold prices, how might its stock be affected? How could the firm manage its gold price exposure without the use of financial contracts? Particulars for yr 1992($ million)| | Pretax earnings (Exhibit 2)| 223| Reductions in earning of gold sold at spot (1280mn oz x (422-345) (Exhibit 12)| (99)| Proforma Pretax Earnings| 124| Taxes @ 21% (Exhibit 2) | (26)| After Tax Earnings| 98| Thus in absence of risk management program the American Barrick stock would be more sensitive to gold price changes. This could also be observed from Exhibit 4 where the return on Barrick’s stock is continuously increasing as compared to other unstable major stocks in gold mining sector. Elasticity of Earnings & Profit for 1% change in Gold Price 1% change in gold price ($345)| $3. 45| Number of ounces| $1,280m| Additional pre-tax profits| $4. 4m| Additional after-tax profits| $4. 4 x (1-. 1) = $3. 5mn| Additional profits as % of earnings| 3. 5/98 = 3. 5% (approx)| Cash Flow = Earnings + Noncash charges| 98mn + 69mn = $167mn| Additional profits as % of cash flow| 3. 5/167 = 2. 1%| Thus with 1% change in gold price the earnings of Barrick would change by 3. 5%. The firm can manage its gold price exposure in following three ways: 1. Diversifying its business 2. Hedging against the gold price risk 3. Insuring against the gol d price risk Hedging involves entering into financial contracts and so does insuring against the gold price risk. Thus without being involved in any financial contracts Barrick can reduce its gold price exposure only by diversifying its business. 2. What is the stated intent of ABX’s hedging program? What should be the goal of a gold mine’s price risk management program? Stated intent American Barrick Resources Corporation is one the most financially successful gold-mining concerns in the world. The main stated intent of ABX’s hedging program was to profit handsomely even during a downtime, when gold prices are falling. The hedging position had allowed ABX to sell its commodity output at prices well above market rates. The main motive of the hedging program was to profit and gain an advantage over its competitors by hedging, at a time when the prices of gold were low and also interest rates were falling. Thus, the main intent of the hedging program was to position the organization as a low- cost commodity producer, willing to sacrifice potential profits from gold price peaks in order to level out potential losses in the future. Goal of a gold mine’s price risk management program The primary goal of a gold mine’s risk management program is to hedge the risk of falling gold prices and low interest rates, to ensure the minimum sale price of gold even when prices are declining. One of the main goal is to achieve financial stability. The risk management programs motive is to hedge risk in order to plan the future cash flows with certainty. Also, at a time, when an organization has immense production initially itself, the risk management program enables the firm to earn a predictable, rising earnings profile in the future inspite of rising production. Thus , the intent of the risk management program is to hedge the risk in such a manner, that its production decisions are not affected by the market price of gold. 3. What would convince you that a price risk management program created value for its shareholders ex ante? The American Barrick Resources Corporation, had since its inception a strategy of efficient risk management system to protect or hedge itself from the fluctuations in the Gold prices. The various risk management system coupled with favourable circumstances and opportunities of price locking, rendered an overall strong balance sheet for American Barrick. They were able to attract investors who shied away from gold mine investments due to price risk, due to the efficiency in hedging mechanism. In 1992, American Barrick produced and sold over 1. 28 Million Ounces of gold at a price of $422 instead of $345 market rate, as a result of the risk management program. Such benefits would lead to higher revenues, and thus higher profits and in turn render higher value for the shareholders. The organisation guidelines clearly specifed that the risk managemnt system should be such that they are fully protected against price declines for 3yrs and 20-25% for a decade. Thus such a mechanism helped create value for the shareholders as the profits of a Gold mine are dependent on fluctuation in gold prices and the difference between revenue and costs. Thus locking future prices, provided financial stability, enabling the organisation to avoids dips, and plan cash flows in a confident way, and in combination with the rising production, offered investors and shareholders a predictable , rising earnings profile in the future 1. How would you characterize the evolution of Barrick’s price risk management activities? Are they consistent with the stated policy goals? As a producer of commodity products, gold mining firms had virtually no marketing or distribution costs. There was always a ready market for their products, at market prices, once extracted from the earth & refined. Therefore a gold mine’s profits were a function of the quantity of its production & the difference between the prices at which it sold its output & its costs. To minimize the price risk, hedging is necessary. Being conservative in nature, company has maintained lower leverage. As per stated policy goals of company, Gold Hedging program gives American Barrick extraordinary financial stability. It protects shareholder’s wealth from the dip in gold prices. American Barrick’s hedging program evolved over history and used a wide range of tools to manage gold price risk. With gold financing, forward sales, options strategies & spot deferred contracts, company shed some of its price risk while maintaining flexibility to profit from rising gold prices. a. Gold Financing: In early days, Company’s gold price management activities were incorporated in financing for its mines. Company made its growth organically as well as inorganically. Almost every year, company madeacquisition of 1 gold mine company. For financing such acquisition, company used following tools Gold Trust: Paying specific percentage of gold production as return to investors Bullion Loan: Bank gives loan in gold form, company need to pay interest in gold terms only. Collateral is reserves company owns Limitations: Limited scope. b. Forward Sales: Production at Gold mine is highly inelastic in nature. ie Its not easy for the company to change the production in tune with the highly fluctuating demand, market prices. To avoid price risk, American Barricks used Forward Sales as tool by which company can lock in prices for future dates. Forward Sales are usually for relatively short delivery periods of under a few years. Normally forward sellers receive a premium (approx. 5%)above the current gold prices ensuring a guaranteed return of 5% for forward sellers. Limitations: Forward sale mitigates downside risk but also its ability to benefit if price rose. c. Options & Warrants: Hedging using Forward sales eliminated downside risk for the American Barricks but also its ability to benefit if price rose. To resolve this issue, from 1987 company started using Options and warrants. This allows company to hedge from downside risk and retain some benefits of rising prices. Board of American Barricks were ready to use options but in costless manner. Collars strategy: Simultaneously buying Put Option & writing Call Options on gold. Premiums and maturity of both call and put option is maintained same. This strategy ensured a price range for the gold in future giving opportunity to the company to get benefits from rising gold prices as well as downside protection if price dips. Limitation: Market for such options were liquid only for contracts with maturities under 2 years. This horizon was far shorter than 20 years of expected production currently in reserve. d. Spot Deferred Contracts: This tool gives additional feature to standard forward sale. In forward sale, the delivery date is fixed. In SDC there are multiple delivery dates. Seller chooses at which date he will pay gold. Forward price is decided at each roll over date depending upon current market price plus prevailing contango premium. ( SDC will be explained in detail in Q6. ) So during 10 years, American Barricks moved solely from getting gold financing, lock in future prices to getting strategic benefit due to inherent strengths of American Barricks over competitors using tools like Spot Deferred Contracts. 5. How should a gold mine which wants to moderate its gold price risk compare hedging strategies (using futures, forwards, gold loans, or spot deferred contracts) with insurance strategies (using options)? On what basis should these decisions be made? Once a firm has decided on either a hedging or an insurance strategy, how should it choose from among specific alternatives? One can characterize risk management strategies as either linear, hedging strategies (which eliminate all exposure to price fluctuations) or nonlinear, insurance strategies (which protect firms against falling gold prices only. ) Choices among instruments are determined by their relative costs (including transaction costs), interim liquidity requirements, accounting and tax implications, and the ability to customize the contract terms. For example, gold mining firms tend to use forward sales instead of futures contracts, at least in part to avoid the cash margin calls which futures transactions might entail. As another example, mining firms' preferences for spot deferred contracts over them functionally equivalent strategy of rolling forward contracts seems to be related to their relatively attractive accounting treatment. Distinguishing linear and nonlinear strategies becomes more difficult with dynamic trading. Suppose we observe a firm only selling gold forward. By a static measure, we would conclude that it was hedging. However, as is well known, through dynamic replication, a trader can create a put option by adjusting the amount of gold sold forward. Specifically, as the gold price falls, a dynamic replication strategy would have the firm short-sell more gold. Thus, distinguishing hedging from insurance strategies requires an analysis of the changes in a firm's equivalent short position (or delta-percentage) relative to changes in the price of gold. The sensitivity of cash flows and investment costs relative to changes in the underlying macro-variable are equal. If the sensitivities are equal, linear or hedging strategies will be optimal, otherwise firms would prefer to use non linear or option strategies. It is not apparent how to measure the degree to which mines face quantity risk. Firms facing borrowing constraints and that facing higher price risk might be more active users of options. Borrowing constraints might be more severe among firms with high operating costs, small market values, or small reserves; bankers might be reluctant to lend to high-cost producers that may be forced to shut-in production and to smaller firms with less collateral. It is reasonable to suspect that price risk might be more pronounced among mines with higher production costs. Firms with higher cash costs and those with smaller market values and reserves might be more likely to use options or price-contingent nonlinear strategies. 6. What is a â€Å"spot deferred contract? † Why has ABX chosen to rely on spot deferred contracts relative to other gold derivatives? Spot deferred Contract (SDC) is used by gold producers to hedge gold price exposure. It is a type of forward contract which has multiple delivery dates with the final one being 5 or 10 years after the initiation of the contract. The seller of SDC has the right to choose on which of the rollover date he will deliver the gold and can defer the delivery date till the end of the contract. Therefore spot deferred contract gives the right to the seller to choose the delivery date but has to deliver the quantity of gold specified in the contract. American Barrick entered into SDC with 1-year delivery or rollover dates where prices were set only for the first rollover date. On the rollover date, American Barrick could deliver the contract if forward prices were higher than spot prices or could roll the contract for the next period and sell the gold in the spot market. American Barrick chose to rely more on spot deferred contracts relative to other gold derivatives because of the following reasons: 1) Initially American Barrick entered into contracts for delivery within 3 to 4 years. Later on its bargaining power increased because of its large reserve base and strong financial position which made them negotiate agreements giving them 10 years within which to make delivery. 2) SDC was a way to profit from increase in price of gold yet set a minimum price on its sales of gold.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Operations Management: Technology and Operations Essay

Effective operations management is one of the most important factors relating to the sucess or in some cases failures of an organisation or company †because markets are volatile and demand uncertain, it is imperative that organisations become more responsive† (Christopher, M 2005:142 ) Because of this; organistaions are becoming heavily reliant on technology to perform duties that simply, because of the scale of operations, are not efficient to do ‘by hand’ . In order to remain competitive, organisations need to respond to the five main objectives of Operations which are : Speed, Flexibility, Dependability, quality and cost. The type of market is the decider of which of these objectives take priority. The aim of this assignment, using several different sources, is to provide an analysis of the technology available in different areas of operations and to provide a commentary on how they are acheiving the goals companies are employing them for. In the retail sector, technology is at the forefront of a smooth and successful operation. Customers will always see their time as a commodity therefore it is important that their experience at the store is as seamless as can be. In this consumerist age that we live in, customers are demanding a lot more from retailers. For example; customers expect that if they give their details once, they will be recorded ‘on the system’ which eliminates the need for them to produce them again. One of the methods used to aid this is the Electronic Point Of Sale system. Initially introduced to automatically tally the total of goods purchased, EPOS systems have evolved to be multifuntional and serve many purposes. Fashion jewellery retailer Swarovski are one of the many companys that use such a system. Initially, the programme used by Swarovski was a DOS based one called Retail Pro. By definition of RetailPro.Com (2011) †Retail Pro provides retail software for point of sale and retail management that helps retailers around the world operate more effectively, with a greater return on their technology investment.† This system however was not able to cope with their expansion as a company and according to a member of staff in the I.T. Department † it was becoming ‘Increasingly difficult to manage and was requiring more human intervention than was justifiable for the price’. (Stewart Pender. 2011). In May 2011, Swarovski swithched to a more advanced EPOS system that was able to efficiently manage their Point Of Sale (POS), Merchandising, Store operations and inventory control with a higher level efficiency and dependability at a lower cost. Micros was the new software introduced to Swarovski to improve efficiency and aid smoother operations. This new system also meant that their inventory control was now fully automated and linked directly to the EPOS. Micros designed their Micros X-Store to be able to monitor stock levels. Once an item is scanned on the EPOS sytem, unbeknownst to the customer the system interacts with the SAP (a global computer system to which Swarovski have access) to communicate that the item has been sold, therefore stock levels are now down by one. This occurs in Swarovski everytime an item is sold up until the cut off time, which is monday afternoon. Once the afternoon comes, the Mircos X-Store system culminates all the data it has gathered over the week and works out the ideal quantity of each individual item to re order against current inventory levels. Once this has been done, the sytems sends the order to head office where it can then be forwarded to the warehouse for picking and delivery. The automated re ordering improves lead times and overall speed of stock replenishment times. Aside from the merchandising aspect, the Micros X-Store is capable of handling human resource functions. It can manage employee reproductivity reports, employee borrow function (temporarily assigning collegues to other stores) and organise and manage customer information. Working from a fully automated warehouse the SCP Sytem receives the orders and begins to work on store specific order fufilment . Firstly, the order goes through what is called the ‘Schaefer Pack Pattern Generator’ (SPPG) which based on many complex alogarithyms, determines the optimum weight and height for the finished pallate depending on the weight and amzingly ‘stackability’ of the individual items in the order. By doing this, the SPPG can reduce the amount of pallates needing therefeore havign a direct positive impact on shipping and transport costs. As well as all of this, the SPPG generates a ‘pallate building plan’. This plan enables the next system to pick the items in the most logical sequence in relation to time and allows the items to be placed on the pallate in a ‘store friendly sequence’. By organising items into a store friendly sequence, the person unloading the items at the store does not need to spend time wandering back and forth as the items would have been palatised in respect to the store. Already a seemingly small software package has had an incredible impact on the effectiveness , efficiency and cost by †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Fully utilising maximum height and weight permittance by achieveing optimium packaging density †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Forecasting item positioning as to reduce damage to goods †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Positioning goods correctly for optimum stability during transport. After the SPPG has done its job, another programme; Schaefer Case Picking (SCP) sytem comes in. The SCP is an automated picking system that actualises the work of the SPPG. Once it has received teh orders from the SPPG, the SCP goes about selecting the goods in order. As aforementioned, the goods are selected in the most time effeicent was as to once again improve efficiency and reduce manual labour costs. As the sytems uses an optical identification known as ‘ the vision system’, there is no need for RFID Identification tags that are very common and popular in the industry, but can be rather expensive. As the goods are selected, they are placed into a buffer area until all the goods for that order have been selected. When selection is complete the items are then placed onto the pallet in the ‘store friendly order’ as calculated by the SPPG. Once complete, the pallets are then stretch wrapped which makes them optimised in terms of goods vs density and secure for transit. The flexibility they have means that the customer’s best interests are always kept at heart and they can avoid any disruption to service by having a multitude of couriers to choose from.   One of the couriers that ASOS use is CitySprint. Based in the UK, CitySprint specialise in same and next day delivery. When an order is placed with ASOS, it is packaged by hand in the warehouse and taken to the collection point. ‘Despite increasing automation, people are still essential in most operating systems’. (Wild, R. 2005 243) From the minute it is picked up by the courier the customer has the option to track it from warehouse to their front door. By scanning the bar code of the parcel, the courier is ‘accepting the job’ and it is ready for despatch. As soon as the order has been despatched, the customer is e-mailed a unique tracking I.D., Which will allow them to follow the journey of their item(s). CourierLocator, which is CitySprint’s own technology, is what allows all of this to be possible. Every courier carries a small hand held GPS enabled device called a CityTrackker. Small but powerful, the CityTrackker’s; using CitySprint bespoke technology and a network of anywhere up to 24 satellites wirelessly transmits live real-time information on the couriers location (including latitude and longitude) back to the FleetMapper (A system that depicts the location of all ‘on call’ couriers). On request, the client (in this case ASOS) can request information on several different couriers anywhere in the UK at the click of a mouse. This kind of technology also puts the customer at the forefront of operations. By logging onto either their ASOS account, or the CitySprint website directly, the customer is able to also see the exact real-time location of the courier delivering their parcel. With such methods, ASOS; using CitySprint’s technology, is giving the customer more flexibility and a heightened sense of dependability by putting them in what seems to be control of the delivery process.

Banana

The time and temperature change of the reaction are graphed to identify the hanged in enthalpy and entropy that took place as the melted substance solidifies. Using the data we can then predict the change in free energy, GAG . Keyword's: Entropy, Enthalpy, Free energy, naphthalene II. Introduction Enthalpy, H, is a thermodynamic property of a system. It is defined as the sum of internal energy U of a system and the product of the pressure and volume of the system: H = IS+UP The UP term represents the mechanical work done on or by the system.Since we are usually more interested in changes than in absolute values, we could write H = + up Entropy, S, is an another thermodynamic property. Which we can consider as a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. An ordered system has low entropy. A disordered system has high entropy AS equals the heat transferred between the system and Its surroundings divided by T: AS = Q/T = H/T Enthalpy and entropy are different quantities. Entropy has the units of heat, Joules. Entropy has the units of heat divided by temperature, Joules per Kelvin.In this experiment, the group would Like to compare the entropy, AS and enthalpy, AH by monitoring the temperature & time during phase change of a melted naphthalene to reeking point. And using the data to predict LEG. Ill. Experimental Section Prepare 250 ml of half full tap water In a beaker to be placed In a ring stand, light the Bunsen burner to begin heating of water. In a large test tube fill half full of thread at the end of the test tube to let it hang in an iron clamp. Place the test tube into the beaker of hot water .Notice the melting of solid crystals. Carefully remove the water bath apparatus and burner from beneath the test tube and begin recording the temperature every after 30 sec, until the naphthalene passes the reeking point of molecules. IV. Results and Discussion Initial Room Temp: 34 c Temperature vs.. Time Based from the results the naphthalene freezes at 84 0 seconds in 77. 8 degrees Celsius. Freezing reaction is an exothermic process; energy is lost from the water and dissipated to the surroundings.Therefore, as the surroundings get hotter, they are gaining more energy and thus the entropy of the surroundings is increasing. During the process of melting naphthalene, the reaction is said to be endothermic because the system absorbs the energy from its surroundings. The relationship between the mime and temperature is inversely proportional as the time increase the temperature decreases. The Gibbs Free Energy of reaction (G) is an indicator of reaction spontaneity.Obeying the Entropy change and enthalpy change together influence the spontaneity of a chemical reaction. A spontaneous process is capable of proceeding in a given direction without needing to be driven by an outside source of energy. In Second law of thermodynamics, the naturally occurring reactions always move toward a state of lower potential energy. Thus, a reaction with a negative delta applied during the reaction. A reaction that is spontaneous is always accompanied by the net release of free energy (energy available to do useful work).However, some spontaneous reactions require added energy to get started. The energy they finally release includes both this added energy and the calculated free energy of the reaction. V. Conclusion The cooling the reaction is said to be spontaneous because there is no heat applied during the process and enthalpy seemed to be the dominating factor in fingernails. The spontaneity of the process appears to be associated with a highly ordered yester going to a less-ordered, uniform state.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Based on Tesco Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Based on Tesco - Assignment Example A motivated workforce results in increased performance, thus an improvement of the firm’s profitability. Therefore, Tesco may motivate its staff by way of providing monetary rewards, non-financial rewards, training, and development. Training is of increasing significance of firms seeking to gain competitive advantage amongst the competitors. Various schools of thought have come to a conclusion that training and development is a human resource practice that may considerably influence the success of a company. Tesco’s growth could be improved by use of on the job-training, mentorship programs, coaching programs, use online marketing tools, and evaluating the effectiveness of the training and development programs. The other element that can affect the performance of a firm is reward. The provision of financial and non-financial rewards impact positively on the firm’s performance, financial gain, and employee motivation, and job satisfaction. Both the monetary incent ives and non-monetary benefits, such as work-life balance, flexible working hours, rewards and recognition, leave, and vacation time not only motivate employees, but also staff turnover. As a result, there is proportionate correlation between rewards, training, learning, and development, with firm performance and growth. The universal competition and rapid changes put emphasis on the significance of human capital within a firm. An organisation’s success depends on the performance of the employees. Employees are considered as essential resources in the growth and development of the firm. In this regard, the success and growth of an organisation in any industry is reliant on its human resources. Even though there are numerous factors that play a major role, a firm needs to have effective employees in order to stay competitive and financially solvent. Motivation and satisfaction are viewed as the core element in the development of human capital in any

Tuesday, October 8, 2019

Newspaper Industry Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Newspaper Industry Analysis - Essay Example However, the effects of the internet are variant and do not affect the Indian newspaper industry and other developing economies. Table of Contents Introduction 5 Findings 6 Description and Benefits of PEST Analysis 6 PEST Analysis for the Newspaper Industry in the Developed Economies 7 Political Factors 7 Economic Factors 7 Social  Factors 8 Technological Factors 9 The Meaning of the PEST Analysis for the Newspaper Industry 9 SWOT Analysis of the Guardian 10 Strengths 10 Weaknesses 10 Opportunities 11 Threats 11 Describe Lewin’s Field Force Analysis 11 Field Force Analysis for the newspaper industry in the developed world concerning the use of the internet 12 Driving Forces 12 Restraining Forces 12 Recommendations to Reduce the Strength of the Obstacles 12 The Indian Newspaper Industry 13 Conclusion 13 References 15 Introduction In the developed economies, the newspaper industry is going through a period of change. Yet whilst the industry is going through a period of change in the developed economies, in other economies such as India the story is different. The modern newspaper industry is facing structural challenges and fundamental transformations where they experience a long-term decline in circulation volume in paid titles as advertisers move to modern means of advertising. As such, newspaper publishers across the globe are facing a decline in: Newsprint prices Advertising revenues Titles Circulation Notably, the innovation and adoption of the internet derive the greatest losses to the newspapers where in developed economies circulation has been falling for a long term (PricewaterhouseCoopers 2009, p. 9). However, in other countries like India, newspaper sales are rising (Mallet 2013, p. 1). Notably, most young people are spending most of their time in the internet where they get the news online instead of reading newspapers (The Economist Newspaper Limited 2006, p. 1). Although, newspapers are yet to shut down in large numbers, we can expect that in the near future, most of the largest newspapers will close business especially in America. Nevertheless, the newspaper publishers are still trying to remain afloat and reduce operational costs by: Spending less on journalism Investing in free daily papers Trying to attract younger readers Trying to create new businesses on- and offline Raising the price of their subscriptions and news-stand copies The Guardian is a British national daily newspaper, which started publishing in 1821. The Guardian has grown to a national paper that deals with a complex organisational structure and international multimedia and web presence (Guardian News and Media Limited 2013, p. 1). Indeed, it is one of the world's best-selling international weekly newspapers, which provides relevant and updated information on international news, politics, entertainment, culture, and comment (Guardian News and Media Limited 2013, p. 1). More than 200,000 people in over 100 countries read the Guardian Weekly (Guardi an News and Media Limited 2013, p. 1). To analyze the position of the newspaper industry in the current scenario, I will use the PEST analysis and Lewin’s Field Force Analysis. I will also use the SWOT analysis to analyze the British newspaper The Guardian. Findings Description and Benefits of PEST Analysis The PEST analysis will refer to the analysis of macro-environmental factors that influence the newspaper industry which include: Political Economic Social Technological analysis The PEST

Monday, October 7, 2019

Company analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Company analysis - Essay Example As such some governments put censorship laws that are meant to control the quality of information that can be accessed from or disseminated through the internet. The company should establish these factors first before launching the publication in different countries. Accessibility to the internet depends on the economic status of the country. Some countries are so poor such that resources are committed to other pressing issues. In such areas, spending money on women issues may be seen as a luxury which may not be afforded by many people living under poor conditions. In some countries, issues related to gender particularly feminism are viewed as a threat to the society since they can destabilize the moral fabric. Some societies are patriarchal hence the level of tolerance of issues related to feminism is low. Therefore, it is important for the company to establish these factors in each country it intends to set business. Since this is a global online publication, it is important for the company to establish the level of infrastructure as well as telecommunication development in each country it intends to penetrate. Internet connectivity varies from place to place across the globe. The distribution pattern is skewed in favour of the developed countries while the developing countries still lag behind in terms of telecommunications infrastructure since the internet is the major communication tool that would be used for all activities of the